Thermal Energy

~Thermal Energy~

The metal block feels cooler than the wooden block because the metal block absorbs the thermal energy from our skin at a faster rate than wood. This makes it feel as if the metal block is colder even though they are the same temperature.

The metal block melted the ice faster because it was absorbing the heat from the metal block faster than it did the wood.

EXTENSION:
- Although there are no particles between the earth and the sun, the earth is still heated by the sun due to radiation. Heat is transferred through empty space by thermal radiation, often called infrared radiation.

Heating Curves

~Heating Curves~

I learned about heating curves!

I found the heating of ice to its melting and boiling point, the temperature does not increase very fast. With the experiment my group tested, saltwater slowly rose for a bit of time and then started to increase much faster. Sugar and Salt could change the way the heating curve was. 

I would think the cooling curve would be slightly similar to the heating curve. I think it wouldn't decrease immediately, but then slowly increase at its cooling rate.

5.2

~Molecules~

In 5.2 we learned about molecules and covalent bonds.We learned how atoms can share electrons. We also learned how to draw Lewis structures properly. We learned how to apply the relationship between bond energy and length of single, double, and triple bonds. Finally, we learned how to write names for binary covalent compounds.

Need to Know

- Difference between ionic and covalent bonds

- How nonmetals share electrons

- How to draw Lewis structures properly

- Bond energy and length of bonds

- How to write covalent compounds

5.2 was slightly challenging. The hardest part (without the flow chart) would be knowing the difference between ionic and covalent compounds and being able to write them properly.

We need to know about molecules as we move into inter-molecular forces..

5.1

~Ionic Compounds~

In 5.1 we learned about ionic compounds. We described how ions are formed and in which arrangements they are stable. We learned how to predict the number of electrons lost or gained and the oxidation number. We learned what a cation and anion is. We defined ionic radius and compared cation and anion radius to a neutral atom. We wrote names for binary ionic compounds and also how to write charges with polyatomic ions.

Need to Know

- What an ion is and how it becomes stable

- Which elements are cations and anions

- How ionic radius changes

- How to write binary ionic compounds

- Polyatomic ions

5.1 was quite challenging in some aspects. The hardest part was understanding transition metals when wrote as an ionic compound.

We need to know this information so we can move forward into molecules and covalent bonds. 

4.2

~Periodic Trends~

In 4.2 we learned about valence electrons. We also learned how to define atomic radius and know how the radius is largest at the bottom-left and smallest at the top-right. We learned about ionization energy and electronegativity and how protons and energy levels affect the reactivity of elements. 

Need to Know

- How to determine the number of valence electrons

- How to define the atomic radius

- What ionization energy and electronegativity is and the trends they follow

- Comparing the character and reactivity of different elements and justify these trends by using ionization energy and electronegativity

4.2 was slightly difficult when it came to first understanding electronegativity and ionization energy.

We need to know this information so we can know how many valence electrons are in an element and why they react the way they do. We can also know the atomic radius of an element based on its location on the periodic table.

3.3

~The Electron Cloud Model~

In 3.3 we learned about the electron cloud model. We learned about orbitals and sub-shlls as well as how to write electron configurations, including noble gas abbreviations. I learned how to identify an element based on its electron configuration as well.

Need to Know

- What the electron cloud model is

- How to write electron configurations

- How to write noble gas abbreviations

- How to identify s, p, d, and f blocks on Periodic Table

- How to identify elements based on their electron configuration

I didn't find section 3.3 to be a very difficult section.

We need to know all of the information above so we can comprehend where electrons may be as well as using electron configuration/noble gas notation. We will need this information for our future studies.

3.2

~The Bohr Model~

In 3.2 I learned about the wave/particle duality of electrons and the Bohr Model. I learned the concepts of how the electron is in fixed energy ranges and how it cannot gain or lose energy. I also came to understand the relationship between wavelength, frequency, and energy.

Need to Know

- The wave/particle duality of electrons

- The Bohr Model and how it is properly drawn out

- The concepts of the electron

- How to discover the energy of a photon based on the wavelength

The hardest part of this unit would have been first comprehending how an electron is dual-natured.

We need to know this information so we can understand an electron and how it moves in an atom.